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My Heart for Hostage, by Robert Hillyer (1942)

Cover of 'My Heart for Hostage'

I feel a little trepidation in writing about My Heart for Hostage. It may be the closest thing to a perfect book that I’ve come across in nearly 13 years of working on this site. It’s so good that early in reading it, I felt a frisson of fear that Robert Hillyer would not be able to sustain its quality, that the style, the story, or the narrative voice would give way and leave me frustrated and disappointed. Instead, I feel it’s I who will end up letting this book down.

My Heart for Hostage is the story of a romance doomed from the start — but not for the reason you might think at first. Edward Reynolds, freshly discharged from the U.S. Army after time in combat on the Western Front and afterward as a courier for the U.S. delegation at the Peace Conference, meets Germaine, a beautiful 19 year-old girl from Nantes enjoying her first freedom in Paris. Strongly attracted to each other from the start, they are soon sleeping together in what both take at first as nothing but a fling. Edward, son of a fine New England family, talks of marriage but Germaine brushes him off.

They encounter a variety of early American expats, including a dowager still carrying a torch for Edward’s father and a flamboyant painter proud of his notoriety as a décadent. They escape to Brittany, where they spent an idyllic few late summer weeks swimming and sailing off a small fishing village, and Germaine finally admits she could marry Edward. When the first storm of autumn arrives, they return to Paris to plan for their marriage and the trip back to Edward’s home in the U.S..

In Paris, however, single incident sparks Edward’s simmering sense of jealousy, and it all blows up. Edward is hospitalized, and when he recovers, he travels to Nantes to locate Germaine. He finds her about to wed an older man to whom she had been promised by her parents years before, and he quickly flees, taking the first passage to the U.S. he can book. There, on board, he meets a fellow ex-officer who reveals a few facts that transform his entire understanding of Germaine — indeed, that reveal to Edward how little he understands people at all.

My Heart for Hostage could be written off as just another American in Paris story, but everything about this book takes it to a level that puts everything else in this genre in the shade (with perhaps the exception of Henry James’ The Ambassadors, a peak I haven’t attempted myself). From his social status, upbringing, education, and experience, Hillyer was already encountering France with considerable sophistication, but what’s refreshing here is his insistence on bringing things back to an immediate and personal level:

The trouble was, he said, that people in America who pose generally had some goal in view; they wanted to impress some advantageous person to get on in the world. Whereas in France, people just posed for the fun of it.

No, she decided, people in France who posed also had some goal in view; but the goal was just to show off. You see, the French wanted to puff themselves up in their own eyes by making other people notice them, even if they had to behave very queerly like the silly artists on the Boulevard St. Michel. Americans wanted to overreach other people. If a Frenchman were posing, he’d look seriously in a mirror to see if he were acting the part properly; an American would wink at his reflection to show he was not fooling himself at any rate. Sometimes Americans seemed to her much more mature than the French. But in love they are very banal. “Take, for example, yourself, Edouard. You never believe at the right time and you always doubt at the wrong time. Isn’t that true?”

Edward had been thinking that she knew altogether too much about Americans in love. “I don’t know,” he said, and suddenly buried his face in his hands.

“But you do know,” she persisted, “because you never really trust me. You will never believe if we live together in joy until our death. That doubt will poison whatever you think of me — oh, even at our best times together — and it will bite, drop by drop, like acid into you, into your deep nature, until all you will have to say to me will be Bonjour, cherie, and Cherie, dors bien.”

Robert Hillyer 1942
Robert Hillyer 1942
Just how much of My Heart for Hostage is autobiographical is hard to tell. Like Edward Reynolds, Robert Hillyer served in the U.S. Army during World War One and remained on active duty after the war, working like Edward as a courier for the Peace Conference. Like his more famous Harvard classmates e.e. cummings, John Dos Passos, and Malcolm Cowley, he came to France first as a volunteer ambulance driver, and became, like Edward, fluent in French. And like Edward, he returned to the U.S. in late 1919. Edward’s story ends on board the freighter taking him home; Hillyer became a professor of English at Harvard. Best known as a poet, he won the Pulitzer Prize in 1934 for his Collected Verse.

Hillyer wrote My Heart for Hostage, the second of his two novels, at a distance of over twenty years from his time in Paris and in the midst of another World War. From its dust jacket illustration, one can imagine that My Heart for Hostage was being aimed by Random House for a sentimental, mainly female audience, but in reality, this is a book that would have appealed to G.I.s if they’d made it past the title page. Hillyer’s soldiers carry some scars with them they little understand and can’t control. They find relief in sex and drink, and feel a distance between themselves and the folks back home they can’t quite express. And they have a sense that the only true relationships have to be founded on trust — which, unfortunately, their experiences have shown to be something not given lightly. But I suspect that few G.I.s ever got their hands on My Heart for Hostage, and so it soon slipped into obscurity: too late for the veterans of WWI, too early for the veterans of WWII. I hope it will not take another war for it to be rediscovered.

I’ve covered plenty of books well-deserving of rediscovery on this site. But if it’s not going too far out onto a limb, I have to say that My Heart for Hostage is perhaps the closest thing to a neglected masterpiece I’ve come across. I cannot recommend it too highly. There are less than a dozen copies available for sale at the moment: Grab a copy now!


My Heart for Hostage, by Robert Hillyer
New York: Random House, 1942

Linked in the Lutheran Underworld, from Direction North, by John Sykes (1967)

Cover of first US edition of Direction NorthIt is not that I am a particularly avid drinker, but one partial to a glass of beer or a glass or two of wine with a meal, and then a lift at the start of the evening—apart from specific drinking occasions; but since I came to Finland I have been goaded almost to a Finn’s method of dispatching the glass, or usually it’s the bottle, put before him, by the difficulty of getting the fancied nip at the place and moment when I fancied it. And with the difficulty has gone such disapproval ranged against one’s request for help.

“Can I have a beer, please? Oh, not without food? Well, I’ll have some ham. Oh, not here at all? I can have milk? Oh, thanks. In the restaurant opposite? Yes, thanks. Yes, I like milk, and sour milk too. No, I have nothing against milk. I’m being quite serious. Some food, I agree, tastes as good with it. . . .”

“. . . Oh here you don’t serve beer at the bar? Only spirits at the bar, but beer at the tables? Beer is allowed when one starts one’s lunch? . . .”

“. . . Oh, I see, if I am in such a hurry — for a drink, that is” (I’d been waiting for twenty minutes) — “I ought to have gone to a higher grade of restaurant? Oh! . . .”

“. . But there isn’t a bar anywhere! I’ve looked already down a dozen streets. No, I don’t want a meal. You see, in this weather I get so cold, I need a shot of cognac. No, I don’t want an illicit bottle. I’d settle for a beer if there was a pub in sight. …”

“. . . Here is my passport, so I can order what I like? It’s not recorded in a book, in the case of a foreigner? So I’ll have three bottles of Fundador, your number 3985, and a bottle of 4497, and some 6413, yes, two bottles, and how about 2022 for an akvavit? You have no views upon it? No, it’s not for a name day. No, I am not buying it for a Finnish citizen. You see, it is such a walk to get here, and the hours are awkward, and it’s all so difficult, I’m just buying it, to have, to offer to people, to have an occasional drink by myself. Oh dear!” — for the square-faced matron, an officer of the government at the government store wielding this monopoly, with Finns along the counter whispering their orders then waiting while the details were recorded in their individual books, then popping the liquor into an attache case or some such dissimulating carrier, felt, she felt that my attitude was wrong. I can’t say why, but I suppose I didn’t show that I knew it to be devil’s milk. The need was proffered but not the guilt.

So I called on the painter hoping for a sherry, and the chance of again looking at his paintings that were slashed as though the vibrant colors had themselves at that point torn the canvas, but of course all his opened bottles were empty. And as I saw him about to open a whisky and remembered what that in particular did to him, as the need to drain it would speed up, I cried out that I was on the wagon, and he checked himself and his wife brought coffee (and his gestures, I noted, as with other Finns, while handling the bottle had been underlined as though this were the momentous side to life) and after some moments we could talk again as usual. I slipped away back to the Suusanens. It was second-best to sip sherry alone—from bottles hidden in my suitcase and wrapped in woollies against a telltale clink—but no one here understood the sipping. Mrs. Suusanen disliked liquor in the home, bar the little she imported. So I secretly drank, as the girls smoked, and as Aarne toned down his record playing, and as Marjatta perhaps had once hidden her love of crime beneath the pillows. We were linked in the Lutheran underworld.


Direction North: A View of Finland is an unusual sort of travel book. John Sykes was a Quaker who volunteered to serve as an ambulance driver with the Finns during the Winter War with the Soviets. One night, a doctor pointed at one of the wounded soldiers in his ambulance and remarked that the man — a working class labor organizer — had it in him to become Prime Minister of Finland one day. Sykes looked at the man and felt an immediate connection, one that stayed with him years after the war. And so he undertook to locate the man when he had some time to spend in Finland on the way back from a visit to the Soviet Union.

He finds the man, Pekka Suusanen, now a manager in a large textile factory in Tampere, and moves into a room in the Sussanen’s apartment. Despite the family’s hospitality, it’s something of an awkward situation because, well, as Sykes puts it, Suusanens always seem to be longing for time to be alone and seek’ “as Finns seemed to do, the kernel within the kernel of his thoughts.” For Finns, the ideal vacation would be “to find a retreat where at least for a fortnight no other human would intrude his presence. There would only be you there, and God. God would wrap you about with his silence. . . .”

“You have to get used to silence in Finland,” he writes. “It is a major part of social communion.”

Sykes — whose somewhat effusive prose style is evident in the passage above — does manage to divine some of the underlying tensions in Finnish society in the 1960s. Even with the country’s prosperity and the elevation of men like Pekka into the establishment, there are deep-set rifts — between labor, with its Communist roots, and capital, between the Finns and the Swede-Finns who still hold the old money and the old ties to the Swedish nobility. They all seem to culminate in Pekka’s resistance against the idea of accepting the gift of a house by the lake — every Finn’s dream, as Sykes sees it — from his company.

The contrast between Sykes’ open and spontaneous manner and Pekka’s dogged stolidity also provides Direction North with a certain comic air. Pekka often reminded me of my father-in-law, who used to greet visitors with, “I hope you have a hotel and restaurant for yourselves tonight.” There’s an occasional sense that Pekka plays up his grimness just to get a rise out of Sykes.

Things in Finland have probably changed since 1967, but Direction North can be enjoyed as an oddball bit of human comedy even if you never plan to go there.

Direction North is available in electronic formats on the Open Library: Link.


Direction North: A View of Finland, by John Sykes
Philadelphia and New York: Chilton Books, 1967

The Rabbit’s Umbrella, by George Plimpton (1955)

Cover of the first US edition of The Roabbit's Umbrella

The rabbit with the umbrella in George Plimpton’s children’s book, The Rabbit’s Umbrella, is every bit as real as Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny: that he might exist matters more than that he actually does. In this case, the rabbit, plus three robbers, shouting parrots, and a giant dog named Lump serve as bait to entice a boy to listen to Plimpton’s story, which is essentially a shaggy dog tale. To give him credit, though, there really is a shaggy dog in this tale:

Mr. Montague brings Lump home
Mr. Montague brings Lump home

The Rabbit’s Umbrella takes place in the town of Adams. And where is Adams? Well, “It’s simple enough to get to Adams once you find the station from which the train leaves.” The main industry of Adams is thimble-making, as is obvious from the sign at the edge of town.

Welcome to Adams
Welcome to Adams

Mr. Montague, who owns the thimble factory, wants only to make his wife and son happy, which is why he buys Lump the dog. He brings Lump home on the town’s one electric streetcar, which is the thing dearest to the heart of Doctor Trimble, the town’s world-traveled scientific expert (Expert in what? Never mind.).

Doctor Trimble
Doctor Trimble

The three robbers — Pease, Punch, and Mr. Bouncely — have one gun among them and plan to use it to steal great fortunes, starting with Mr. Montague’s.

The Three Robbers
The Three Robbers

Unfortunately, they haven’t quite got a clue just how to go about being robbers, so when they do manage to break into Mr. Montague’s house, the only thing they make off with is Lump. This leads to a high-speed chase by Doctor Trimble, Mr. Montague, and the town cop on the electric streetcar — which is probably the last thing you’d want to chase a gang of robbers in (Never mind again). But all ends happily, though the rabbit with the umbrella never does appear.

The rabbit with the umbrella
The rabbit with the umbrella

Still, the boy demands at the end of the book, “I want to know about the rabbit with the umbrella.” And so Plimpton explains:

You want to know about the rabbit with the umbrella. Doctor Trimble would be the one to explain it to you. He has not only seen the rabbits but also chipmunks with parasols and sun helmets and squirrels with small pianos in their houses, and he has seen the mice skate on the frozen lakes in winter. He has seen so many umbrella-carrying rabbits that if he were writing this epilogue it would be as long as the book itself. He told me once he had seen a whole field full of rabbits opening and shutting their umbrellas after a summer rainstorm, the drops shaken off sparkling like diamonds in the new sun. I have never seen one myself, though I think I saw one smelling a petunia when I was a boy your age, playing in my great-grandfather’s garden. But Doctor Trimble tells me the reason dogs roll their tongues out and laugh is that they recall suddenly how funny a rabbit looks, leaping through a hedgerow with an open umbrella bouncing above him.

… Life is full of mysteries, and it’s nice to have a mystery that is a rabbit with an umbrella.

Which is as good an explanation as anyone really needs.

George Plimpton wrote this book, inspired by The Twenty-One Balloons, the Newbery Medal-winning book by William Pène du Bois, then working as the art director for the The Paris Review. Plimpton’s amiably absurd narrative notwithstanding, it’s Pène du Bois’ illustrations that are really the star of the book. Plimpton imagined it as a bedtime story he might tell Lucas Matthiessen, the son of his The Paris Review co-founder Peter Matthiessen — although the Matthiessens had returned to the U.S. by the time the book was published.

After the book was accepted fr publication by Viking, Plimpton wrote his parents, forwarding the latest copy of The Paris Review and apologizing for the angry tone of its stories. “The contents, you’ll be glad to hear, are hardly reflections of my own character, which remains merry enough and full of hope and enthusiasm,” he assured them. He also predicted that, successful or not, The Rabbit’s Umbrella would not be considered “the product of a tormented mind.”

The Rabbit’s Umbrella is available in electronic formats on the Open Library: Link.


The Rabbit’s Umbrella, by George Plimpton
New York City: The Viking Press, 1955

The Bloater, by Rosemary Tonks (1968)

Cover of the first UK edition of The Bloater

The bloater of Rosemary Tonks’ title is an opera singer, and The Bloater itself is a bit like Così fan tutte updated for the Swinging Sixties. Min, married to George, who seems to have a bird on the side, is being pursued by the Bloater (he never gets a real name), while she contemplates if she wants Billy the musicologist as a friend or lover. Claudi, another one of Tonks’ older men of ambiguous European origin, flits in and out to offer advice and moral support in the role of Don Alfonso.

Meanwhile, her friend and co-worker Jenny wonders whether to sleep with the guitar player with the soulful eyes or the poet with the long brown hair. And in between we have sessions in the studio where Min, Jenny, and that clod Fred are setting a poem about Orestes to electronic music. So it’s all very hip, cool, and sophisticated — and yet nothing more than a bit of kissing actually goes on.

Tonks seems to have learned to tone down her wisecrackery from the relentless pace of her first novels Emir and Opium Fogs. As a narrator, Min is every bit as wise in her cracks as Tonks’ earlier authorial personae, but this time Tonks is in far better control:

Brahms is good for exercising, if you’re not in love; if you are in love of course, you will simply swoon off after the first knees bend. Beethoven has too many ups and downs, the music gets awkward and thrilling, and you strain your back and make grandiose plans which waste your brain for several hours afterwards.

Reviewing The Bloater in the TLS, Sarah Curtis showed how Tonks wrapped things up as neatly as the ending of a Mozart opera: “It all works out happily, with the unsuitable suitor rejected, husband fobbed off with a convenient lover, and even a little reference to ‘the moral dimension,’ so that the reader is not too outraged by all this mini-skirted flippancy.”

Yes, it’s lightweight. In the Birmingham Daily Post, Michael Billington called it “a slight, amusing, unpretentious book that passes an hour or two quite painlessly.” But there are times when we all need a bit of elegant comic relief. As Dominic Le Foe put it in the Illustrated London News: “If they still make hammocks, and if they still grow trees from which to suspend one, and if the sun ever shines again — given all those circumstances, with an optional cooling drink to hand, then The Bloater will pass a pleasant hour or two.”

You’ll have to rely on Interlibrary Loan to get a copy of The Bloater: there are no copies available for sale at the moment. Fortunately, there are almost 60 copies held in libraries worldwide, so all you need is a library card and a little patience.


The Bloater, by Rosemary Tonks
London: The Bodley Head, 1968

The Autobiography of Ethel Firebrace, by Gay Taylor and Malachi Whitaker (1937)

Ethel Firebrace
Ethel Firebrace

In The Autobiography of Ethel Firebrace, Malachi Whitaker and Gay Taylor offered the world a feminine match for H. H. Bashford’s really good man, Augustus Carp, Esq. Lost now to literary history, Ethel Firebrace was prolific novelist of the early 20th century, churning out dozens and dozens of works such as Clothed in White Samite, Ecstacy’s Debit, His for an Hour, and the thrilling wartime romance, An Airman for Averil. Firebrace followed in the footsteps of such industrious Victorian women writers as Margaret Oliphant and Eliza Lynn Linton. In fact, I half suspect that Whitaker and Taylor, who probably met at one of Charles Lahr’s literary evenings in London in the late 1920s, had skimmed Linton’s My Literary Life, which is one of the snippiest memoirs ever published.

I must caution, however, that unlike Augustus Carp, whose righteousness in all things stems from his utter blindness to the world around him, Ethel Firebrace maintains her moral superiority from her firm understanding that she is simply better than everyone else. It is not selfishness that prevents her from helping others but simply “a nature too finely tuned.” Unfortunately, though her family early recognized that little Ethel was too busy “thinking of higher things,” they failed to spare her “the sight of their toil-worn hands, dust-laden hair, and brows which bore the wrinkled imprint of perpetual household budgeting.” Consequently, “being a very sensitive child, this left a deeper mark upon me than they realised.”

Indeed, for Ethel, the world is divided between the sensitive and the insensitive — there being far too few of the former and far, far too many of the latter. When she marries and gives birth, she vows “at whatever cost, never to let this event repeat itself during my married life” and finds it difficult to forgive her daughter “the eternity of torture she had caused me.” How was it that women before her were able to bear so many children? “Cast-iron insensitiveness,” of course.

Fortunately for the reading public, however, Ethel found the inner strength to steel herself against her baby’s cries of hunger and other ill-considered attempts to distract her and focus on her great gift: writing. Starting with Jessica’s Secret, she works diligently at the coalface, wearing out four typewriters along the way, generating, by her own count, over five million words. By the time she begins her autobiography, she can state with confidence that “I do not think there can be many, well versed in book-lore, who are unacquainted with at least one of the works of Ethel Firebrace.” I feel some shame in admitting that until I read this book, I was one of the unenlightened minority.

For her many gifts to literature, she has received countless in return from her admirers, including “a leopard-skin rug, a transparent nightdress, twenty pounds of quince jelly, what turned out to be a very sick monkey, a fountain-pen, and a set of alleged performing fleas.” Beside the talents that God bestowed upon her, she attributes her success (“or very nearly all of it!”) to her habit of gargling after food. She suggests that the literary world can be divided infallibly between the garglers and the non-garglers. The non-garglers such as Mr. Aldous Huxley are destined to “spring up like toadstools, live as long, and disappear as ignominiously.” Needless to say, but “there are no garglers among modern poets.”

Cresset Press advertisement for The Autobiography of Ethel Firebrace
Cresset Press advertisement for The Autobiography of Ethel Firebrace

The Autobiography of Ethel Firebrace is easily one of the rarest books I’ve featured on this site. There are just two copies available for sale — one for $600+ and one for almost $900. I was able to read it thanks to my British Library and a quick stop through London last month. It was hard to keep quiet at some points while reading it: while not quite as fine-tuned as Augustus Carp, Esq., The Autobiography of Ethel Firebrace absolutely deserves rediscovery as a perfect little comic gem. In a fictional heaven somewhere, Ethel Firebrace and Augustus Carp, Esq. live together in sympathy, both confident in their superiority of character and intellect if slightly disappointed that the rest of existence will never fully appreciate their brilliance. Such is the cross the truly great must bear.


The Autobiography of Ethel Firebrace, written anonymously by Gay Taylor and Malachi Whitaker
London: The Cresset Press, 1937